Firearm.



G. HAMMOND,

HREARM.

APPLICATION FILED` APR. 24,1915.

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G. HAMMOND.

FlHEARM.

APPLCATlON FILED AFR. 24. ISIS. l 1,294,452. Patented Feb.18,1919.y

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ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GRANT HAMMOND, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO DALTON ARMS CORPO- RATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 18, 1919.

Application filed April 24, 1915. Serial No. 23,584.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, GRANT HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, Vin the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and improved Firearm, of which the following is a specification.

My invention while not limited in its application is of especial advantage in connection with that class of firearms that are dis charged while supported by and against the shoulder of a person, and an object of my invention, among others, is to provide a firearm of this class that shall be extremely simple and cheap in construction and durable and effective in operation.

One form of firearm embodying my invention and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a top plan view of a portion of a firearm embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a view in central longitudinal section through that part of the firearm shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional rear view through the receiver of my improved firearm, on plane denoted by dotted line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail view illustrating the breech-bolt and breech-bolt sleeve, the latter being cut in section to show construction.

Fig. 5 is a detail view in cross section through the receiver on plane denoted by dotted line 5 5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the breech-bolt, with parts broken away.

Fig. 7 is a view in cross section through the device on plane denoted by dotted lines 7-7 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is a detail top view ofthe rear por-A tion of the receiver, the front part being broken off.

Fig. 9 is a detail rear view of the receiver.

Fig. 10 is a detail view in cross section through the breech-bolt and contained parts just back of the actuating handle.

A mount is shown in the accompanying drawings, which mount comprises the stock 10 and fore end 11 of a firearm embodying my invention and which mount may be constructed of wood as is usual in devices of this class and which is recessed to receive the metallic parts of the gun, which parts in the present instance include a receiver 12 and a trigger plate 14, said receiver having a barrel 13 secured thereto and the trigger plate being secured to the barrel as by means of screws 15. The trigger plate has, preferably formed integral therewith, a magazine 16 extending upwardly through the frame and formed to register with an opening 17 in the bottom part of the receiver and which Vopening is in vertical alinement with a discharge opening 18 in the top and side of the receiver. A bore 19 extends from the discharge opening to the front of the receiver, this bore being preferably threaded to receive the threaded end of the barrel, and back of this threaded portion an annular breech-bolt locking groove 20 is formed with breech-bolt releasing grooves 21-22 extending from the locking groove backwardly to the rear end of the receiver, the releasing groove 22 being intersected or interrupted by the discharge opening 18. Y

A breech-bolt 23 is located in the bore 19, extending in its closed position across and closing the discharge opening. This breech-bolt constitutes an important element of my invention, special attention being given to its construction to enable it to be formed in an economical way. This bolt is of cylindrical form throughout the greater part of Vits length, that enables it to be readily turned to shape with an annular groove 24 for the reception of an extractor strap intermediate its ends and a reduced portion 25 at its rear end. The bolt thus formed may be made upon a screw or automatic machine, and a single tool is employed to cut away the bolt on opposite sides at its forward end, leaving enough of the original metal to constitute locking lugs 26 that are formed to it the annular locking groove 2O and the releasing groovesl 21-22, these lugs 26 being relieved or beveled on one edge as at 27 to permit a slight rearward movement of the breech-bolt before the lugs fully register with the releasing grooves, and also to permit the lugs to readily engage with the locking grooves in a locking movement of the breech-bolt.

A breech-bolt sleeve 28 is secured to the rear end of the breech-bolt as by means of interengaging screw threads, this sleevev having a threaded recess 29 to receive the end of the breech-bolt, the latter being `rotatable to a limited extent withinthis rei cess. Af recess '30 for the reception ofY the neckzof the' headof thefirngv pin extends 'inwardly VfromY the rear. end of' theV breechbolt sleeve, the inner end of said neclrrestf ing against the bottom of this recess, and

firing. pin opening 31 extending between the v recesses 29 'and 30, a slot 32 through the bottomfof the breech-bolt sleeve at this end f also cutting into these recesses.

A breechebolt actuating handle 33 is securedY4` to the breech-'bolt by means'of'a strap 34 extending around' said bolt I and Y VrestingV against a shoulder 35 formed by the -pin .'36 v extending through the strap andV `reduced rear end ofthe bolt, this lstrap andv Yhandle being' heldv in place in any -suitable manner, inthe construction herein shownV a Yacrossa groove in the breech-bolt as shown in Fig. A5 of the drawings. n

' 'The breech-boltv has .central opening 38 toV receivey 'af firing pin, the"v latter Vbeing formed in two parts including a main part 37.1an`fd'firing tipV 39, the latter being pointed at its' front end to' engage a cartridge shell" andhaving a head 40' at its rear end located within the enlarged part of the central opening, as shown` inFig. 2v of the drawings.

The'ireducedpjart vof` the 'iiring tip atV the ybackfof said head and theforward end' of .the 'main part of the firing pin are halved7 l together, theseqhalv'ed portions having registering-lug and groove `to lock-them together 'andra 'cl'ingV sleeve 41 slllrounding thesegp'arts holdsfthe lug and groove' inen-V gagement, as shown in Fig. 2 of the draw-V A'ringpin springe?) is located'in "thelenlarged' part .ofthe firing pin opening, thrusting with one'en'd against the lockingV ysleeve 41' vand .withthe opposite. end against a :bushing 4:4; located jat the mouth of the firing pin' openingifand resting against' the i "beamer the threaded recess' 29. A snag gpinhea'd 45 is secured toy theV endl of the firing pin Vin [any suitable I nanner,infthe construction herein shown the end of the -pin being threaded vfor this purpose. A neck bolt- The cooking prong is' also provided," Y with'a cooking shoulder 4:9 located in posi-` tion to' be engagedby a 'searj50 pivot-ally y mounted and' located ain aV slot' extending.V through the bottom lof :the receiver atit's" `rea-rfend.A Aftrigger 51 is slotted at'its .46 projecting from thehead has a cooking prong I47 locat'edpin the s104532, thev forward" en'd..o'f this prong being beveled'to engage thefbe'veled` part 418 ofV therend' of the breech# Y upper: endwithin'which slotjthel scar 50 is located, Aa. pivot pinQ52 extending'through p .the side parts *of* 'the trigger' thus formed* and pivotally connecting it to the scar..V These side parts ofthe trigger'are provided ,with an'initialfbealring '53 anda disengag f ing?,bearing 54,- ,thej former"being,'locatedV nearest the pivot 52 rst engaging vthe frame and VservingI toirnparltj initial' movement 'fte the Sear with a certain amount of power transmittedV from the trigger, and the lat- 'ter` engaging the frame j'ust before the scar becomes disengaged fronr'the shoulder 49 acting at the time of Vdisengagement of the scar Afrom said shoulder and requiring a little more power to'be applied from the trigger than at the initial movement of the sear. 'This' multiple fulcrum enables the greatest amount of power to be applied at the time of initial movement `of the sear,

and up to vnearly the point of disengagementof the Sear from the ring pin, and at fthe time ofVV disengagement of"`said parts,

VThis holder isiniovably located in a well 59 in the. rear wallv of lthe,magazine, a 'pin 6() permitting a limited 1 movement.vr of the holder within the well. A releasingprong '61- is formed onflthe'end of the holdergand projects fbeyond'a' stop shoulder 62 formed within the mouth of the well-59, the length of this prong being suchtliat when an instrumenti'sj placed against ittocpush it inward 'andiin suchfmovement vthe projecting ed'ge- Yof the instrument strikes the 4stop shoulder 62, lthe endof Vthe main part"ofthe v*holder willlhave vbeen moved inward.V far fenough'to enable movement of the bottom 'and disengagement ofthe lip 56-from its groove. f The `holder 58'is-retain'ed inV its holding kposition asf-by `a springfbnwhich also presses against an ejector "64 :in they opposite endV of the well "595. Thisejector has av reduced orfl'attened portion @S5-'adaptV ed to pass into a slot 66 in the' forward end of the breech-bolt and back of a 'cartridge Vshell 'to ej'ectsthe latter, as thebreech-boltv moves b'ackwardly. VA pin (Wn-"lay be em# -ploy'ed to Vlimit theI extent of mover-nent of the. ejfectors iis ' 'A breechbolt stop 68 is movablelongitw4 l dinal-'ly within' antopening in the rear end f of. the receiver, a releasing notch E69 @extend-V V 4iii-g across the :stop permitting Vpassage of one ofthe locking'v lugs 26 when saidxstop' is inoved inward as bypressure of athumb or 'finger upon its outer end and with-in Va depression 7 0 surrounding the mouth ofthe opening in the receiver.' 'A spring? locatedV Yunderneath vthestop, and fupon'ywhich fthe latteris seated,;retains theA holder in the position shown in Fig. 5, to' revent 'removalofthe breech-bolt and -a pin l secured withe the handle 33vrhen the latter/'is swun CAD in the receiver and projecting through a cutaway portion in the side of the holder limits its movement.

An auxiliary breech-bolt holding lug 72 is formed upon the strap of the handle 33 in position to be turned into a breech-bolt holding' recess 73 formed in the bore in the receiver, the lug being passed into said recess when the breech-bolt is pushed forward and the handle is turned downwardly to secure the breech-bolt in its closed position.

A cam 74 is formed on the rear edge of the receiver in position to be engaged by upwardly to unlock the breech-bolt, the action of this cam together with the handle starting the movement of the cartridge shell from the rear end of the barrel, and should said shell stick the force of this action is such as to certainly start such movement with the application of little power, the beveled portion 27 on the rear edges of the locking lugs enabling this starting movement of the cartridge shell to take place. The cam 7a terminates at a shoulder 75 on the receiver that limits the rotating movement of the breech-bolt with thevlocking recess 76 therein in position to receive the breech-bolt locking pin 77 having a bearing projection 78 located in contact with the side of the breech-bolt, or, as shown herein, with the strap 34 and within which the recess 7 6 is formed. VA safety locking pin 79 is located in a hole 80 extending through the breechholt sleeve, this hole also containing the breech-bolt locking pin 77. The hole 80 is of different diameters to receive the pins and 79, the latter having a recess on its inner end to receive the former, and a spring 3l is located in recesses in both of said pins to press them apart, a pin 82 secured within the breech-bolt locking sleeveV extending through a notch in the side of the pin 77 to limit its sliding movement. The pin 79 is shouldered at its inner end to provide a safetylocking prong 83 adapted to be turned into a safety locking slot 84 in the end of the breech-bolt, and in the threaded portion, as shown in Fig. 4: of the drawings.

A safety lookin collar 85 is removably secured to the pin 79 as by means of a locking screw 86. This collar projects through a slot 87 in the side of the breech-bolt sleeve and it is cut-away on one side as at 88 sutiiciently to receive the side of the neck 46 of the firing pin head. A thumb piece 89 projects from one side of the collar and preferably extends along the side of the breechbolt sleeve that constitutes a bearing therefor, this pin serving as a means for actuating the safety locking member. When in the position shown in Fig. 7 the ring pin may be moved backwardlv within the breech-bolt. When moved to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3 the collar will be turned into the path of movement of a shoulder 90 on the firing pin head. This can, however, only be done when the tiring pin is moved back and when the collar is thus turned the firing pin will be held in such position that it can not strike a cartridge primer. When the safety locking pin 79 is turned further in this same direction so that the thumb piece will be located in the uppermost position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3, the prong 83 will be located in the safety lockin slot 84- in the breechbolt and the breecholt sleeve and breechbolt/"will thus be locked against relative turning movement.

It will thus be seen that with the safety locking mechanism the breech-bolt and breech-bolt sleeve may be locked together with the breech-bolt in its closed position so that the latter can not be moved,'or the firing pin may be locked so that it can not operate to fire a cartridge.

As the Vbreech-bolt is turned to open position the handle 33 will strike the shoulder 75, the breech-bolt turning within the breech-bolt sleeve and the left-handed screw thread between the parts operate to move the sleeve slightly backward away from the breech-bolt.

When the breech-bolt is closed and the handle turned to locked position then the operation of the screw thread will be such as to draw the sleeve against the end of the breech-bolt.

A spring seated detent 91 is located in the thumb piece 89, projecting from that edge lying next to or against the breech-bolt sleeve and in position to engage recesses within the outer surface of the sleeve to yieldingly hold the thumb piece and safety lockingpin 79 in the several positions denoted in Fig. 3.

While I have shown and described herein a satisfactory construction of mechanism for accomplishing my purpose, this construction may be changed to a greater or lesser degree without departing from the spirit or intent of the invention which is, therefore, not limited to the exact construction herein shown and described.

I claimj l. A firearm including a receiver having a cylindrical opening therein with a discharge opening therefrom and a locking groove at the end of said cylindrical opening, a breech-bolt locatedA in said opening and of cylindrical shape for substantially its whole length, locking lugs projecting from the side of the bolt from the forward end thereof, an actuating lever secured to the bolt, a reduced threaded portion of round form in cross section at the rear end of the bolt, and an interiorly threaded breech-bolt sleeve fitting over and receiving the threaded end of said bolt.

" f 2Q 2. A firearm including a-receiver havinga Ybreech-bolt vopening l of cylindrical form vthereinjwith a discharge opening therefrom and atv-locking groover-nlocated atY the endof saiidf cylindrical .openinga breech-bolt` 1ocated-in said opening and of cylindrical form for substantiallynits, whole-length, locking I Y 1u'g5-extendingtmmtheside of the :breechboltat its forwardvend, Va reduced portion of round shapein cross, section located at the f rearend of the .breech,bolt, partfof saidreduced portionbeing threaded, an actuating 1 lever lsecuredfto said reduced portion, and

an. interiorly, .threaded i `breech-bolt i ,sleeve fittingV over vand'V receiving saidthreaded portion.

j 3. A breech-.bolt :mechanismvfor arrearm including a breech-bolt sleeve having recesses Y Y through the-wall Vbetween-the recesses,.and

affiring pin head' secured to the firing pin Y and extending intothe other ofsaid recesses.v

, 4. A firearm ,includingV a receivermhaving afbreech-bolt, opening thereinwith a ,loclrfY ing groove at the inner end of said opening, Y aV` discharge opening, a VVbreech-boltlocated wit-hin .the breech-bolt opening and' having Y' locking lugs engaging said groove and a Y threaded. end, a breech-bolt sleeve .having athreaded recess that receives the threaded end'of the Vbreech-bolt, said sleevealso having arecess for afiringpin head, avti'rinjg fpin locatedgin the breechbolt YandV projecting c Ythrrniggdithebottom of said threaded recess,

alfirin'gpin ahead located in its recess and havinga part Y projecting .through'a s lot eX- tending through thewall of the breech-bolt l sleeve into said recess, Ymeans for actuating the breech-bolt, and means for actuating kthe firing pin. 'g

yA firearm including a' receiverV having a 1 breechboltfopening ythereiny with a locking e, groove at the end of saidY opening and aA e discharge opening therefrom, a *breech-bolt" located within 'said openingV and having 'locking lugs to engage said ,groove anda threaded end, a breech-bolt sleeve having a threaded recess thatreceives the threaded' lendof thebreech-bolnfa firing pin within thev breechrbolt extending through said sleeve, a firing pin head secured to vs'aidjfiring pin, andr a Vlocking member secured, inf saidV sleeve -toIhold thefiring-pin inl afrei Y' Vhalved together atY one 'ende and with a` 'projection/0n O neof said halved portions tractedposition; *l Y e e Y 6. Afirearmgincluding a receiver having ,a

breech-,bolt opening'therein with a, locking V,groove at the end Yofsaid openingV andra discharge opening therefrom, a. breech-bolt located within-said Qpeningrand havingfloekinglugstoengage said groove and athreaded en a breech-bolt sleeve having a Vthread-1 7. kA firearm including a receiver having a breech-bolt opening therein with'a locking groove atthe end of said Yopening and a'dis- Vcharge opening therefrom, a breech-bolt 'located within' said opening and having locking lugs to engage said groove and a thread-V ed end, abreech-bolt sleeve havinga threaded recess that receives the threaded end of the, breech-bolt, a firing pin. within the breechfbolt v,extending throughsaid sleeve, a

`firing pinhead secured to said firing pin,

and a lo'zkirng` member secured in said sleeve to hold the firing pin in. retracted position and the breech-bolt lagainst rotation. Y

8, A "breech-bolt mechanism including a breech-boltv and a sleeve rotatably secured together, a safety locking' member'to secure the breech-boltiand sleeve against independentV vrotation andhaving a recess, locking member located within said vrecess within the safety-locking member and adapted to but-to release said members in theferward position ofthe breech-bolt, and means Vfor actuating the breech-bolt. Y.

Y rotation, a lockingV member projecting into the safety ,locking member and adapted to lojcl' the breech-'bolt yandsleeve.v against independentrotation during backward move'- ment of 'said parts kbut to release them in theirvfo'rward position, and meansfor operating the safety locking member. Y

'10, A breech-bolt mechanism including a breech-bolt 1 and a breech-bolt sleeve rotatably connected, a safety locking-'member located within a recess Vinthe s leeveto lock the breech-bolt and sleeveA against independent rotation, a locking' memberlocated inl said recess `to lock/the sleeve'` and breechbolt in their backwardmovement but 'to release themk 'inltheir forward position, Va

spring located in a recessY in each of said locking members, e and means for operating ther safety-locking member.

Y11. A firing. `pin.composed''of two'parts entering a lrecess on the other of saidhalved portions, 'and a sleeve Asurrounding said sections tolock themtogether'.` e Y Y 12. YA Vtiring .pinI incl Ad'ng'VV two Vsections each cutaway for'half Yits ldiameter at one.Y end to fhalverthe two parts together, one

of said sections having a head, a projection on one of said halved parts to fit a recess on the opposite halved part, and a sleeve fitting over said sections and against said head to hold the sections in locked engagement.

13. A breech-bolt mechanism including a breech-bolt having a central opening therein, a firing pin located within the breech-bolt and including two sections halved together within the breech-bolt, said halves having one a projection to iit within a recess in the opposite half and a sleeve surrounding said firing pin sections within the breech-bolt, a firing pin spring thrusting with one end against said sleeve and the opposite end against a shoulder within the rear end of the breech-bolt, and means for operating the breech-bolt.

14. A breech-bolt mechanism for a iirearm including a breech-bolt having a recess at one end, a cam surface forming one Wall of said recess, said bolt having locking lugs at its opposite end, a breech-bolt sleeve attached to the breech-bolt by interengaging screw threads, and a firing pin located within the breech-bolt and having a prong projecting into said recess to be acted upon by the cam surface thereof.

15. A ring mechanism for a firearm including a breech-bolt having locking lugs at one end and a reduced threaded portion at the opposite end, an operating handle located upon said reduced portion that is threaded at its outer end, and a breech-bolt sleeve having an interiorly threaded. recess to engage said breech-bolt, said handle being attached to the bolt within the annular recess between the body of the bolt and the breech-bolt sleeve.

GRANT HAMMOND.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR B. JENKINS, E. F. EATON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, ny addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

